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Ancient Babylonian Medicine
The world's oldest written medical texts — cuneiform tablets from 2000 BCE — document hundreds of plant remedies including cedar, myrrh, thyme, and henbane at the foundation of Western pharmacy.
Mesopotamia & Iraq
Absinth (Ararru)Acacia (Eshtu)Agrimony (Qashu)Aloe (Shibu)Anise (Kibtu)Asafoetida (Sikaru)Asparagus (Shurmenu)Basil (Rihanu)Betony (Kamanu)Bindweed (Appusu)Black Cumin (Kizinnu)Butterbur (Taqapu)Calendula (Samu ellu)Cardamom (Qaqullu)Carob (Narbitu)Cassia (Kassia)Catnip (Lahru)Cedar (Erenu)Chamomile (Sarsaru)Chaste Berry (Utakku)Chicory (Tumtu)Cinnamon (Qinnamamunu)Clary Sage (Hasi niru)Clove (Qaranfulu)Coriander (Kisibirru)Crocus (Hauatu)Cumin (Kamunu)Dates (Suluppu)Dill (Shibitu)Elderflower (Samtu)Elecampane (Inbu aban shamê)Fennel (Rasintu)Fenugreek (Huluppu)Fig (Tittu)Flax (Kittu)Fleabane (Numu appi)Frankincense (Lubannu)Garlic (Hazannu)Gentian (Marru)Ginger (Zangebilu)